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Tax Planning

Home Energy and EV Tax Credits

A guide to Inflation Reduction Act tax credits for solar, home efficiency upgrades, and electric vehicles, including limits, requirements, and how to claim.

Home Energy and EV Tax Credits

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Inflation Reduction Act Overview

  • The IRA expanded energy tax credits, though some are being phased down under newer legislation
  • Credits cover residential clean energy, home improvements, and clean vehicles
  • Tax credits reduce your tax liability dollar-for-dollar, unlike deductions
  • Most credits are nonrefundable; they can reduce tax owed to zero but not below

Full Guide

Inflation Reduction Act Overview

  • The IRA expanded energy tax credits, though some are being phased down under newer legislation
  • Credits cover residential clean energy, home improvements, and clean vehicles
  • Tax credits reduce your tax liability dollar-for-dollar, unlike deductions
  • Most credits are nonrefundable; they can reduce tax owed to zero but not below

Residential Clean Energy Credit

  • Covers 30% of costs for solar panels, wind turbines, and geothermal heat pumps
  • Battery storage systems with 3+ kWh capacity also qualify for the 30% credit
  • There is no dollar cap on the residential clean energy credit amount
  • Unused credit can be carried forward to future tax years

Energy Efficient Home Improvement Credit

  • Covers 30% of costs for qualifying upgrades, up to $3,200 per year total
  • Heat pumps and biomass stoves have a separate $2,000 annual sub-limit
  • Windows, doors, insulation, and efficient HVAC fall under a $1,200 annual sub-limit
  • The annual limit resets each year with no lifetime cap under the IRA

Clean Vehicle Credit: New Vehicles

  • Up to $7,500 credit for qualifying new electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles
  • MSRP limits: $55,000 for sedans, $80,000 for SUVs, vans, and trucks
  • Modified AGI limits: $150K single, $225K head of household, $300K joint
  • Vehicles must meet critical mineral and battery component sourcing requirements

Clean Vehicle Credit: Used Vehicles

  • Up to $4,000 or 30% of the sale price, whichever is less, for qualifying used EVs
  • The vehicle must be at least 2 model years old and priced at $25,000 or less
  • Modified AGI limits: $75K single, $112.5K head of household, $150K joint
  • The credit can only be claimed once per vehicle and must be purchased from a dealer

How to Claim These Credits

  • Home energy credits are claimed on Form 5695 filed with your tax return
  • Clean vehicle credits are claimed on Form 8936 filed with your tax return
  • New vehicle buyers may transfer the credit to the dealer for a point-of-sale discount
  • Check current eligibility, sourcing rules and credit availability change frequently

Stacking Incentives and Planning Tips

  • Many states offer their own rebates and credits for solar and EV purchases on top of federal
  • Time purchases across tax years to maximize annual home improvement credit limits
  • Verify vehicle eligibility before purchase since the qualified list changes frequently
  • Consider your tax liability since nonrefundable credits require sufficient tax owed to use