Types of Fund of Funds

Private equity FoFs invest across buyout, growth equity, and special situation funds Hedge fund FoFs diversify across strategies like long/short, macro, and event-driven Venture capital FoFs provide exposure to early-stage funds often closed to new investors Multi-strategy FoFs blend asset classes to build a single diversified alternatives allocation

Benefits: Diversification and Access

FoFs often access top-tier managers with capacity constraints or high minimums Lower commitment sizes, often $250K to $500K versus $5M or more for direct funds Professional manager selection reduces the burden on investors and their advisors Vintage year diversification across multiple fund cycles reduces timing risk

Investors pay the FoF manager's fees plus the underlying fund managers' fees A typical FoF charges 0.5 to 1.0% management fee and 5 to 10% carried interest on top Total fee drag can consume 3 to 5% of committed capital annually before returns Fee compression has improved recently, but the layered structure remains a real cost

Performance and Due Diligence

FoFs tend to cluster around the median, reducing both upside and downside extremes Top-quartile direct fund returns typically exceed top-quartile FoF returns after fees Evaluate the FoF manager's access to top-tier funds; relationships and reputation matter Assess operational infrastructure including reporting quality and risk monitoring

Drawbacks and Limitations

Limited transparency since investors may not see underlying fund positions Less control over sector, geography, and strategy exposure versus building direct Longer overall commitment periods as the FoF timeline layers on underlying lock-ups Cash drag can occur as capital sits uninvested while waiting to deploy

Alternatives and Who Should Consider FoFs

Co-investment programs let investors deploy alongside GPs at reduced fees Secondary market purchases provide access to seasoned portfolios with less J-curve FoFs suit investors new to alternatives or those with $250K to $2M to allocate The added fees may be justified when the FoF provides access the investor otherwise lacks

Fund of Funds: Diversified Access to Alternative Investments

Curated by: Rubric Advisors

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What Is a Fund of Funds?

A fund that invests in a portfolio of other funds rather than directly in securities
Common in private equity, hedge funds, and venture capital where manager selection matters
The FoF manager handles due diligence, allocation, monitoring, and rebalancing
A single commitment can provide exposure to 15 to 30 underlying managers

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What Is a Fund of Funds?

Types of Fund of Funds

Benefits: Diversification and Access

The Double Fee Layer

Performance and Due Diligence

Drawbacks and Limitations

Alternatives and Who Should Consider FoFs

Related Topics

Investing in Venture Capital

Introduction to Alternative Investments

Primer on Private Equity

What Is a Fund of Funds?

Types of Fund of Funds

Benefits: Diversification and Access

The Double Fee Layer

Performance and Due Diligence

Drawbacks and Limitations

Alternatives and Who Should Consider FoFs

Related Topics

Investing in Venture Capital

Introduction to Alternative Investments

Primer on Private Equity